I Have A Dream Speech - 1508 Words

Rosa and three other colored women to move seats. However, Parks disobeyment led to mass support when she was later arrested and the bus boycott took place. This gained the support of thousands African-American people and not only from the ones who participated in the event. It also gained support of prominent colored members of the community. Martin Luther King Junior, a Baptist minister in Montgomery, emerged as a prominent figure for this movement. King helped to found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a civil rights organization that founght to end racial segregation in the south (History-Civil Rights Movement). In August of nineteen-sixty-three, an event called the March on Washington took place, over two-hundred thousand Americans rallied for freedom and rights (Histor-March on Washingtony). At this event that King gave his iconic, â€Å"I have a dream speech,† that discussed the discriminations colored people faced, such as segregation. He states that, â₠¬Å"One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination† (International Business Times). King also wrote a letter in nineteen-sixty-three titled, â€Å"Letter to Birmingham Jail,† where he explained why immediate nonviolent action was necessary in order to achieve segregation (science.jrank). Due to Rosa Parks refusal to give up her seat, however, that allowed all these actions to take place, and leading to African-Americans finally ableShow MoreRelatedThe I Have A Dream Speech1149 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. delivered the I Have a Dream Speech on Aug. 28, 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial. The speech was given prior to the March on Washington, a peaceful protest against inequality. In his speech, King aims to influence his audience to fight for the change from a segregated nation to a place of freedom for all. Throughout the speech, Americans are refreshed with what their society was supposed to be, rather than how it was currently. King utilizes literary devices to highlight hisRead MoreThe I Have A Dream Speech1335 Words   |  6 Pagesin this year. Martin Luther King Jr. was a huge political figure in this era. He began protests and marches that lead to controversy around the United States. These marches and protests however, lead to violent acts. He also delivered the â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech† and changed the world that we live in today. Next, the 16th Street Baptist church bombing occurred leaving a lot of controversy between the Native American and African American races. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was also a huge political figureRead Mo reI Have A Dream Speech1805 Words   |  8 PagesOn August 28, 1963, social equality extremist Martin Luther King, Jr. conveyed a standout amongst the most popular talks in American history. His I Have a Dream discourse was planned to motivate the 250,000 individuals at the Washington, D.C., rally and past to consider a world in which high contrast kids could learn and become together. The message served as a main impetus in propelling political pioneers and subject activists to push for more prominent balance and a conclusion to isolation. TemperamentRead MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe major argument that is being portrayed in Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech is all men and women should be treated equally, regardless of their skin color. Dr. King states, â€Å"When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienableRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Analysis1714 Words   |  7 Pagesuses words to provoke, calm, and inspire in his famous I Have a Dream speech. Using these words, he creates a connection with the audience, and he gained their trust. Cesar Chavez also gave a speech that provoked, calmed, and inspired the audience to come together and get rid of pesticides because it is causing many diseases among adults, as well as children. He also mentions King many times to gain the audience’s trust. â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out theRead MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech758 Words   |  4 Pages delivered his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech in 1963 to a divided and unjust nation. King’s tactful writing reached the entire nation, and his words resonated with everyone who heard them. His speech addressed the injustices and inequalities blacks face in America. â€Å"I Have a Dream† has gone down in history as one of the best speeches in modern history, received at a time of turmoil and racial tension. Therefore, King’s words have rung in the hearts of innumerable people, and his dreams and aspirationsRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Summary1149 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I have a dream† speech was written by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. on August 28, 1963. It took place at the Washington D.C Civil Rights March, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. It is one of the widely kn own speeches that was given to point out the ongoing racism problem in the United States of America. This speech brought greater attention to the Civil Rights Movement which had been going for years and it is known as one of the famous orations in the history of US. TheRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Analysis1154 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.s impact of pathos throughout his speech has the impact of exploit the audience, empowered, determined, and grateful. Throughout his speech, his audience responds to him by applauding with agreement. Impact of Pathos Martin Luther King, Jr. uses attribute within the starting of his known, I actually have a Dream Speech, to realize the audience to feel as theyre fighting with several alternative known Americans, like the beginning Fathers and Abe Lincoln. Since, several AmericansRead MoreExamples Of I Have A Dream Speech754 Words   |  4 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Jr’s efficient use of logos and pathos in his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech at the Lincoln memorial reached the hearts of a number of Americans, inspiring people to join their cause and to take action. Dr. King begins to use logos promptly in the second paragraph of his speech. He says â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.† This quote states that one hundred years ago, Score means 20 so five scoreRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Analysis1441 Words   |  6 Pagesorder to procure its ultimate victory throughout the 1960s. From his civil rights-related endeavor, the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, given on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the â€Å"March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom† in 1963 (â€Å"March on Washington For Jobs and Freedom) arose. In his speech, he spoke about the injustice of segregation and discrimination of African Americans. His speech had a prodigious impact as it succeeded to illustrate the issue of racism at the time and instigated the

Role of Marketing in the Non-Business Environment Free Essays

October 2012 -Role of Marketing in the non-business environment since article â€Å"Broadening the Concept of Marketing† by Philip Kotler and Sidney J. Levy was published in 1969 — Written by Anthony Chi Yuen CHAN 1 Abstract Social economic development over the past 40 years has been drastic over the world. From 1970 to 2010, global GDP has grown over 20 times from 3,288 billion USD to 63,064 billion USDi. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Marketing in the Non-Business Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Government consumption expenditure per capita increased from 140 USD to 1,640 USD on global bases. In well developed countries and economic zone (like UKii and EU), ocial protection, general public services, health care, education, and national and public order and safety account for over 70% of government total spending. cause the increase of spending in the public sector? What had been changed to While large amount of money had been spent, what has changed in the public sector to ensure the effectiveness of spending? Private sector managerial techniques, practices and orientations, marketing strategies and dimensions helped shaping the evolution of public management to be more efficiently and effectively. The purpose of this paper is to state specific examples of the adaptation of marketing management strategies and tactics at the selected areas of public services. Particular case will illustrate how STP, 4P’s, and 3P’s adopted in the decision making process. Understanding the background of social evolution, we will examine how demographic and economic improvement has driven these marketing strategies in these civil services in Hong Kong over the past 40 years. Introduction Every organization, private sector or public services alike, depend greatly on marketing strategies and communication to promote their goods and services. Hong Kong Government has evolved its public communication from minimum interaction to highly involvement in planning, researching, consulting, implementing of the new regulations and policies. The objectives are obvious, better execution, greater acceptance, less rebellious toward administrative power. After Second World War, Hong Kong was governed by British system. One will not be surprised to learn Hong Kong transformation from a small fishing village to a modern business and manufacturing city was greatly benefited by immigrating many British public services and social management policies and experiences. At the beginning of the colonial rule, many of the establishment and policies were implemented through a direct top down approach. British Government at the U. K. assigned Governor to Hong Kong to decide and implemented all policies across the society. Minimum communication was noted from the Government for promotion of new policies. ommunication. External limitation also put barriers to effective At the 1950’s social communication media was very limited. The lack of basic formal communication tools like newspaper and radio broadcasting was one of the challenges at the beginning. General population literacy was low also accounted for limitation of communication. As society improved, education level has risen, government new policies w ere demanded to be explained and rationalized before implementation. Modern government communications have to utilizing all available tradition and modern media. Advertising through multi-lingual newspaper, prime time television advertising at television, radio broadcasting with advertisement and commentary shows; public transportation exterior/interior advertising; mobile phone messaging; smart phone application; internet media (blogs; facebook; twitters; government web sites etc) are fully utilized to let government communication reaching complicated social segments. Likewise, the internet age of marketing communication channels also encouraged faster and direct general public feedback be reverted to the concerned government bodies. Privatization of some public services, like parks and garden management, public area hygiene, and airport security management of non-critical zone etc. , influenced the image of quality services. Service privatization also has a reverse influence back to Government to review marketing strategies. As a result, Hong Kong civil service activities are managed through a more business-like management structure, and commercial marketing strategy and tactics becoming more evidence. We will examine various examples of Government policies and activities where marketing management philosophies are adopted. Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) – Marketing as strategy (STP) While social and economic development enriched, modern social needs becoming complicated, deeper to details, and towards long term stability. Majority of population has their basic humanity needs satisfied, the Government started to consider long term social protection. Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) is designed for workforce to plan for retirement life. Before the implication of the MPF System, only about one-third of the Hong Kong workforce had some form retirement protection. From a marketing strategy point of view, MPF program identified the need for retirement saving for all workforces. Therefore, any employee, no matter full time or causal, at the age between 18 to 65 is included in the segment. The main target groups within this segment are those employee who has no experience nor has knowledge to establish his/her own retirement saving program with financial institutes. Therefore, it is required by law to join compulsory retirement saving plan for a minimum saving level per month. For employee who are not in the main target (i. e. apable and willing to contribute more than the minimum saving level), the MPF program has the flexibility to allow non-target group contributors to put extra money to the mandatory saving level. MPF is a financial saving services that position itself as mass population at a monthly affordable contribution rat e. There are similar retirement saving options offered by other financial institutions, but most of them are not tar geting mass market. A series of TV commercial were made and aired (for example http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=-DcC1pccSTM) for the promotion of MPF. In the video, it is clearly illustrated the segment, target, and position of this program. Intangible (services) vs Tangible (physical) – 4P’s : Products Public management is traditionally considered to be a service oriented sector, and therefore offering intangible products. Public security, national health, emergency assistance, education, 3 and legal justice, just to name a few, are critical services provided by public administrators. Public administration also provides tangible products such as subsided housing, government publication, municipal water supply, and land sale etc. Public Housing Strategy – 4P’s : Price Hong Kong Housing Society and Hong Kong Housing Authority offer government subsidized housing for particular population segment. Because of the complexity of housing demand and affordability, Government designed four major types of subsidized housing programs. All of these public and subsidized housing program are targeted to different user groups, and are positioned very differently. Each of the program also has different level of discount rate, either for sale or for rent, when compare with open market value. ange of restrictions and eligibility criteria. Users are generally subjected to a Each of the pricing structure is evaluated based on target group income and affordability. Market researches are done, and public hearing is held before program reveal to public. Public housing prices are designed to balance user affordability and at the same time protect open market housing prices stability. Below are the iii four main housing schemet :. ? Home Ownership Scheme estates are subsidized sale-to-public housing estates for low-income residents. They are usually built adjacent to or within Public Rental Housing and nearly identical in construction. They are managed by the Hong Kong Housing Authority and are earmarked for sale to low-income qualifiers at prices which are heavily discounted from market value, and the land value is similarly subsidized. The mortgage and resale of these units in the second-hand market are likewise restricted to eligible low-income residents. Within a public housing estate development, some blocks may be designated by the Authority exclusively for rental while others may be earmarked for sale. ? Tenants Purchase Scheme allows existing tenants in the rented public housing program to purchase their flats. The sale prices are set around 50% to 60% lower than the market prices of private flats due to subsidies and restriction on selling. ? Flat-for-Sale Scheme allows flats under the scheme for sale at concessionary price. ? Sandwich Class Housing Scheme estates were built for sale to lower-middle and middle-income residents, known as the sandwich class, who did not qualify for low-income public housing in the Home Ownership Scheme but still had trouble affording private housing. The quality and market positioning of Sandwich Class Housing were significantly higher than public housing estates and comparable to some middle-class private developments. These units were sold at levels that were slightly below market value and came with a five-year resale restriction. Land development as new source – 4P’s : Place Hong Kong has land size at 1,100 square kilometers, and population grown from four million in 4 1970 to 7. 2 million in 2010. That makes Hong Kong one of the most densely populated city in the world. Hong Kong Land Department holds one of the most scared resources, land. Urban development and local economic highly depend on availability of land sales. Therefore, promotion and marketing communication of land planning become increasingly important over years. Private sectors as well as general citizen concern about future new land supply as well as timeworn redevelopment zone. Land development as well as land source of land affects property prices, and the urbanization development planiv. One good recent example is the Geotechnical Engineering Department confirms the technical capability of underground land and cavern for new source of land. This marks a new era for the possible new â€Å"place† for future property market and industrial zone development. The GED makes use of short video to promote new land supply idea (see endnote’s hyper link)v. Crime prevention – 4P’s : Promotion Police force goals and objective have dramatically changed for the last four decades from mainly law enforcement operation to equally emphasizing the importance of crime prevention. Study have shown in different country that increase of police force does not necessary reverse proportion to the number of crime. i Therefore, a lot of marketing and promotion effort have been dedicated to home security design, drug abuse prevention, internet crime awareness, and police force recruitmentvii, proper automobile driving technique etc. As social and communication media develops and widened, communication channels broadened from traditional newspaper advertising to internet social platform such as police force websiteviii, fa cebook, youtube, tweeter, discussion forum, to personal contact like public relationship division within the police force. Public sector personal and organizational marketing – 3P’s : People After the transfer of sovereignty to People Republic of China, Hong Kong government organization and management became increasing transparent. Hong Kong resident has increasing interest of government departmental leadership, and government operation efficiency. Compare to forty years ago, when Hong Kong was still under British colonial rule, the Governor, Executive Council, Legislative Council, as well as most public politician were all appointed by the Government. Democratic election slowly started in the 1980’s for local district representatives and a portion of Legislative Council. Personal marketing in the public services became more and more importantix. Two examples are the recent Legislative Council (LECO) Election, and Hong Kong Special Administration Region Chief Executive Election. LECO election is an open democratic election for all qualified citizen. Competitions are big between candidates, and are compared based on their experiences, past contribution to the society, and related political party’s reputation. Education system reform progress – 3P’s : Process While every spot light falls onto the people, in the public sector, the ultimate goal for a government is to implement set policies and procedures. Taking for example, the Education Department just recently introduced a new secondary and territorial school system in Hong Kong. The new system revised the seven years secondary schooling to six years, bu t extending the normal three years under graduate programmes to four years. New Product (Education System) Development Strategy was use. The education ureau made use of product development concept of idea generation, preliminary analysis, detail investigation and research, planning and development, communication, testing, implementation, and auditing cycle. x xi The result was a smoother implementation, better acceptance by education institutions, students, parents, and prevented political instability in case of adverse situation. Conclusion Social, economic, political, and education development evolves over time. Citizens are demanding more frequent, closer, deeper, and highly transparent participation in public administration. Therefore, non-business organization like public administration and political management spend more resources (time, man power, and money) at the early stage of new social policy development. Citizens are defined as customers or end user in the public administration model. Because of the rising demand by the customers for better involvement during the course of public administration, and, at the same time, administrators wants to have higher chance of success and sustainability of new policy, customers involvement of the early part of Stage-gate Processing becoming evident, which is in contrast with public policy development four decades ago. American Marketing Association (AMA) who defines â€Å"Marketing† for its members, have also renew the definition to suit with the ever changing environment. In the letter from Mike Lotti and Don Lehmann, Chairperson of the Board and Committee Chair of AMA, subjected New Definition of Marketing dated December 2007, Lotti and Lehmann said â€Å"(the new definition of) Marketing is regarded as an ‘activity’ instead of a ‘function’ and positions marketing as a broader activity in a company/organization, and not just a department. The new definition also positions marketing as providing long term value rather than narrowly as an exchange of money (short-term) for the benefit of the shareholder/organization. †xii European marketing community also published similar notion a few years earlier than its US counterpart, defining that â€Å"long-term customer relationships are considered as the cornerstone of marketing†xiii. This is in line with modern public administrators’ objective, that is to satisfy the needs of different segments and targets of citizens. It is worth to note that this paper is not to argue marketing management strategies, tactics, and concepts in public sector did not exist in Hong Kong at the early years. As a matter of the facts, in the 60s and 70s, Government have organized activities to understand customer (local residents) 6 needs related to long term social development plan and pre-execution hearing sessions with local leaders and legislators, but only at a lot less formal and structured as the society currently established. In response to Levy and Kotler’s article, DavidJ. Luck had argued that marketing strategies and activities had been in used in various government activities before Kotler and Levy’s article was publishedxiv. When social, economic, and political reforms continue, society should expect to see marketing activities in non-business organization, particularly for public administration sector, to continue evolves alongside with modern marketing management methologies. i Ivan Kushnir’s Research Center, kushnirs. org rd ii UK Public Spending since 1963, Simon Rogers, 3 June 2012, guardian. o. uk iii Milestones: Hong Kong Housing Society Housing Price, Land Supply and Revenue from Land Sales, Raymond Y. C. Tse, 2012 v Enhanced use of underground space in Hong Kong, Geotechnical Engineering Department, http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=jZ_IX0KocNklist=UUi4fX-nEJseYhlAuY4DJ0wQindex=7feature=pl cp vi Law Enforcement Marketing: Perceptions of a police force, Peter Bohan, 1987. vii Hong Kong Police: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v= ckDWtaWNHo0 viii Hong Kong Police: http://www. police. gov. hk/ppp_en/index. tml ix After ten years of transfer of sovereignty: political stability and reform in Hong Kong, Jermain T. M. Lam, 2008 x Stage-gate systems: a new tool for managing new products, Robert G. Cooper, 1990 xi Marketing in the public sector: Inappropriate or merely difficult? : Peter Graham, 2010 xii th AMA Definition of Marketing: Mike Lotti and Don Lehmann, December 17 , 2007 xiii Defining Marketing: A market-Oriented Approach: Christian Gronroos, 1989 xiv Broadening the Concept of Marketing. Too Far: David J. Luck, 1969 iv 7 How to cite Role of Marketing in the Non-Business Environment, Papers

Analytical Essay for Hills like White Elephant- myassignmenthelp

Qustion: Write about theAnalytical Essay for Hills like White Elephant. Answer: The following paper looks in to the elucidation of one of the most talked about short stories of Ernest Hemmingway, Hills like White Elephant. The purpose of this essay is to establish thesis on the social perspective of abortion and the theories of feminism pertaining to the acceptance of such in the American society during the early twentieth century. As a matter of fact, it has the basic cultural motif so as to find out how this theory would be incorporating the behavioral treatment of the characters within the story. The paper would assess the characteristic traits of the girl projected by the author and the instinctive nature of a woman who urges to venture her voice however becomes failure. Two important articles have been followed while analyzing the conceptual design of the chosen topic. First, Robin Lees paper Reading Hemingways Hills like White Elephants as a Feminist Text succinctly elucidates the core feministic approach of the story. On the other hand Alina Schumachers paper Disenfranchised Mothers and Maternity Insurance: Tracing Progressive Arguments in Ernest Hemingways Short Stories has been chosen as an authentic article so as to develop the thesis associated with this paper (DivaPortal.Org). The story begins with the plot of nineteen twenty- a period of social transition. Ernest Hemingways unique style of story-telling has been vividly intelligible while creating a scope of reading the entire story. Though the story did not look through the glass-door of success in its early publication, the ongoing attitude of Hemingways ice berg theory brought the story line in to the matter of acceptance by both the readers and the critics. Apparently the story seems to be an anecdote for which it was not accepted by the critics. The story line was no doubt interesting a fact how the gender roles are interpreted. Hemingway has always remained someone different and his thought of minimalistic approach while advancing the story towards an endless draw-line was one of the better aspects in the story. As a matter of fact it was one of the greater ways pertaining to the better understanding of the actual case that Was directed towards a newer world of realism the conflicted with dream and mobility. The story apparently seems to be a moving upon tensions of decision. In this context one can easily bring in to context Eliots writing on thousand decisions and indecisions. The conflict between these two perspectives brought in to account the depiction of social contrite between a man and a woman- namely the American and the girl (Narayana). Depiction of the girl and her characterization in the story was quite a matter of interest and profundity. The expression and the grotesque counter argument of the girl on denying the process of operation has been quite realistic in manner. The way the girl was made to state that she was fine brought convincement in to action. The background scene that was designed worked as picture-perfect scenery though with an underlying pathos of environs (Yanling). What made the story most interesting is the fact that the author did not use huge number of dialogues. In his own style Hemingway moved on to creating the scenes with the help of the making of different segments through the act of imagination. Usage of proper metaphor and the power of imagination that the girl utters in between the conversation can be regarded as the process of instrumentalization. As a matter of fact the selection of the words by the authors transcended the entire process of storytelling. Since this was one of the greater case. The characters depicted by Hemingway cannot be easily studied as they are full of complex bonding. Sarcasm, anger, pathos and other human components underlay within the characters. Less narration, less dialogue and less image depiction was the weapon for Hemingway to have structured the entire story (Copas.Uni). As a matter of fact, it led to the success of the portrayal of both the characters that centered the story-line. The process of the actual case had to be taken in to certain consideration with the effective understanding of the entire story. While going through the story the process of decision making has been interesting with the effective aspects of feminism. For instance, Jigs decision of consuming beer shows how her action is motivated by her thought. Her utterance, lets drink beer with an intonation of imperatives, clearly depicts her will to concretize her own decisive nature. This was a strong juxtaposition of her being forced and compelled to agree to the process of a bortion. Alina Schumacher has argued that the perceived masculine experience and the entity has always remained effective in the decision making process where both the sexes take equal part. The critic has investigated the stance and strength of relationship in consideration with mother figure. In this context, the concept of maternity has been taken in to consideration. Reference: Chandran, K. Narayana. "Being Elsewhere Hills like White Elephants, Translation, and an Indian Classroom."Pedagogy16.3 (2016): 381-392. DivaPortal.Org.DivaPortal.Org,2017,https://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:742684/fulltext01.pdf. Opas.UniCopas.UniRegensburg.De,2017,https://copas.uniregensburg.de/article/viewFile/275/375 Shi, Yanling. "The Style and the Theme of Loss in Hemingway's Hills Like White Elephants."Studies in Literature and Language6.1 (2013): 107.a